7/19/2002
Mean Streets 2000 - Endnotes
Endnotes
Chapter One
1. Values given are for million vehicle miles traveled.
2. Unfortunately, comprehensive injury data is not available by state or
metropolitan area and so is not included as a part of the Pedestrian Danger
Index.
3. United Kingdom Department of Environment and Transportation,
"Killing Speed & Saving Lives." London, England, 1997.
4. Charles Zeeger, Patrik McMahon, and Dan Burden, "Key Engineering
Barriers to Reducing Child Pedestrian Injuries and Deaths." Paper
Presented to the Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia, September
1998.
5. Lack of data prevented calculation of an accurate pedestrian danger
index for children; state level deaths per 100,000 are the best measure of
child pedestrian death risk.
6. Surface Transportation Policy Project, "Caught in the
Crosswalk." San Francisco, Calif., September 1999.
7. Ibid.
8. Centers for Disease Control, "Morbidity and Mortality Report."
Atlanta, Georgia, July 23, 1999.
9. Joey Ledford, "Buford Highway Fixes Sought," The Atlanta
Journal Constitution, 17 May 2000.
10. Sylvia Moreno, "Fatalities Higher for Latino Pedestrians," The
Washington Post, 27 August 1999.
11. John Pucher, "Making Walking and Cycling Safer: Lessons from
Europe," Transportation Quarterly, Summer 2000 (forthcoming).
Chapter Two
1. Katie Alvord, Divorce Your Car! Gabriola Island, British
Columbia: New Society Publishers, 2000
2. For a summary of 42 such studies, see Reid Ewing and Robert Cervero,
"Travel and the Built Environment," (forthcoming).
3. Larry Frank, "Land Use and Transportation Interaction: Implications
on Public Health and Quality of Life," Journal of Planning, Education,
and Research, October 2000
4. Surface Transportation Policy Project, "High Mileage Moms,"
Washington, D.C., May 1999. Full text available at http://www.transact.org
5. South Carolina Coastal Conservation League, "Wait for the Bus: How
Lowcountry School Site Selection and Design Deter Walking to School,"
Charleston, S.C., 1999. See http://www.scccl.org
6. Ali Mokdad, et al, "The Spread of the Obesity Epidemic in the
United States, 1991-1998," Journal of the American Medical Association,
October 27, 1999: 1519.
7. Jeffrey Koplan and William Dietz, "Caloric Imbalance and Public
Health Policy," Journal of the American Medical Association,
October 27, 1999: 1579.
8. Ibid., 1579.
9. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, "Physical Activity
and Health: A Report of the Surgeon General." Washington, D.C., 1995.
10. Ali Mokdad, et al, "The Spread of the Obesity Epidemic in the
United States, 1991-1998," 1519.
11. Institute of Child Health, "The School Run: Blessing or
Blight?" London, England, 1999. This report is available from the
Pedestrian’s Association, 126 Aldersgate Street, London, England EC1A 4JQ.
12. John Pucher, "Transportation Paradise: Realm of the Nearly Perfect
Automobile?" Transportation Quarterly, Summer 1999. British Medial
Association, Cycling Toward Health and Safety. Oxford, England: Oxford
University Press, 1992.
Chapter Three
1. Roberts and Coggan, "Blaming Children for Child Pedestrian
Injuries," Social Science Medicine 38, no. 5 (1994): 749-753.
2. Lightstone, Peek-Asa and Kraus, "Relationship between driver’s
record and automobile versus child pedestrian collisions," Injury
Prevention 3, no. 4 (Dec. 1997): 262-266.
3. Right of Way, "Killed by Automobile," New York, N.Y., March
1999. See http://www.rightofway.org
or contact (212) 260-5237.
4. Richard Marosi, "Where Pedestrians See Refuge in Medians, Officials
See Danger," The Los Angeles Times, 7 September 1999: B1.
5. James Thomson & Andrea Gielen, "The Role of Elementary and
Adult Education in Childhood Pedestrian Injuries." Paper Presented to the
Centers for Disease Control, Proceedings to Prevent Pedestrian Injuries,
Atlanta, Georgia, September 1998.
Chapter Four
1. Federal Highway Administration (1999). Accomodating Bicycle and
Pedestrian Travel, A Recommended Approach. http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/environment/bikeped/Design.htm
2. To learn more about traffic calming techniques, visit the Institute of
Traffic Engineer’s Traffic Calming website, at http://www.ite.org/traffic/index.htm
3. Reid Ewing, Traffic Calming: State of the Practice. Washington,
D.C.: American Planning Association, 1999.
4. Reid Ewing, Best Development Practices. Washington, D.C.: American
Planning Association, 1996
The Surface Transportation Policy Project is a nationwide network of more than 800
organizations, including planners, community development organizations, and advocacy groups,
devoted to improving the nation’s transportation system.
|
|
 |
STPP
